The Boer War Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Boer War - Term Paper ExampleThe Boer War was the first major military contest of the 20th Century. The strategies employed by both sides set precedences for wars throughout the new century. The Boers used guerilla warfare tactics against the heavily favored British who herded more thousands of men, women and children into detention camps, both precursors of wars to come. Although the Boers eventually won their independence it came at a heavy cost to both sides. The Boers were the descendents of Dutch farmers of the Cape Colony in the landed estate of South Africa. Beginning in 1835, they began moving outside the region to establish the Transvaal and Orange Free State due to the constant border conflicts with the British overlords on one side of their territory and native tribes constantly encroaching on the other. Together these newly formed regions were known as the Boar Republic which include the town of Johannesburg. While the Boers considered themselves a sovereign, autono mous society, the British claimed all of South Africa as its own. The two factions held to a relative yet uneasy peace until florid was discovered in 1886 on Transvaal land. A gold rush ensued flooding the Boers lands with miners, speculators and adventurers, outlanders as they were called by the Boers. The discovery of gold at Witwatersrand in the Transvaal end Boer seclusion and brought a mortal threat to the young nations dream of freedom from alien rule. By 1896 the population of Johannesburg had grown to more than a hundred thousand. (Weber, 2012). The Boers of the Transvaal were poor farmers. The discovery of gold was a great revenue producer but the newcomers producing this wealth were denied citizenship from the government. By 1896, the population of Johannesburg was about 100,000, half of which were unobjectionable but only 6,200 were citizens, all Boers. Neither the British nor Boers allowed citizenship to the indigenous black population. Government officials received pe titions, one with 18,000 and another with 35,000 signatures demanding it allow non-Boer whites citizenship. Neither was given grievous consideration. The Transvaal and Orange Free State Boers formed an alliance as tensions between the groups worsened. British forces were dispatched to the Boer regions to help calm the situation but this move only do the situation worse. On October 10, 1899 the Boer government gave the British an ultimatum demanding that British forces be removed within 48 hours or war would be declared. (Chamberlain, Droogleever, 2003) Britain did not comply with the ultimatum to fall behind its troops. On October 11 the war began when the Boers attacked and took control of the towns of Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking. While the British were struggling to relieve their besieged forces in these towns, the Boers achieved inspiring victories in other major British strongholds such as Colenso, Stormberg and Magersfontein in December 1899. The fortunes of war soon c hanged however. By February of the next year Kimberley and Ladysmith had been retaken by the British. The somewhat disorganized Boer troops were being illogical throughout the countryside. Soon the Boer front line, such as it was, collapsed. The next several months were a time of great uncertainty